Throughout the menstrual cycle, female hormones fluctuate significantly to prepare the body for ovulation and possible pregnancy. The typical menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days, but can vary from 21 to 35 days in adult women. During this time, the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, including estrogen, progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), undergo regular changes. Here is an overview of how female hormones fluctuate during the menstrual cycle:
- Follicular phase: At the beginning of the menstrual cycle, estrogen levels begin to rise and stimulate the growth and development of the lining of the uterus. It also stimulates the development of follicles in the ovaries.
- Ovulation: In the middle of the menstrual cycle, levels of luteinising hormone (LH) rise significantly, triggering the release of the mature egg from the ovary.
- Luteal phase: After ovulation, the follicle turns into a corpus luteum and begins to produce progesterone. Progesterone helps thicken the lining of the uterus to prepare it for possible pregnancy. If the egg is not fertilised, the corpus luteum breaks down and levels of oestrogen and progesterone decrease, causing the menstrual cycle to begin.
- In short, female hormones fluctuate during the menstrual cycle to prepare the body for ovulation and possible pregnancy. Estrogen and progesterone levels are especially important in controlling the menstrual cycle and female fertility.